![]() ![]() The phenomenon illustrates the often intricate interdependence between a social movement and its environment. Social movements in the United States in the 1960s saw many examples of provocation, some in conformity with the FBI's Counter Intelligence Program (COINTELPRO.) (Donner 1990 Cunningham 2005.) A New York detective helped open and headed the Bronx chapter of the Black Panthers, and Malcolm X's bodyguard, who tried to resuscitate him when he was shot, was an undercover police officer. Joseph Conrad's novel The Secret Agent provides a fictional account. The English Cato Street conspiracy offers a classic case. Roman Malinovsky, a highly paid agent of the Russian secret police (Okhrana), was an important Bolshevik leader. Police responded by infiltrating existing groups and, in a strategy that could backfire, creating their own. Some of the most dramatic occurred in Russia where, lacking basic democratic rights, clandestine groups sought to overthrow the Tsar. ![]() The term has entered popular culture as the name of a lingerie brand and British electronica band. The concept initially referred to an activist secretly working with authorities who might provide information, sow suspicion and internal dissension, and/or provoke violent actions that would turn public opinion against a social movement and offer legal and moral grounds for its repression. The idea of the agent provocateur entered popular consciousness in the 19th century as Europe experienced dislocation and conflicts associated with industrialization and urbanization. One extreme form of the latter is provocation. When authorities or elites are challenged by a social movement, they may ignore it or respond with a variety of tools from cooptation to redirection to repression with many points in between. Marx | Bio | Back to Main Page | References and further reading (eds.) Encyclopedia of Social and Political Movements. MarxĪgents Provocateurs as a Type of Faux Activist UK retailer Marks and Spencer has already opened an exclusive store to sell lingerie and innerwear in Mumbai.ĭon’t miss out on ET Prime stories! Get your daily dose of business updates on WhatsApp.Agents Provocateurs as a Type of Faux Activist-Gary T. “The category is quite competitive, so we plan to focus on niche category, like products f or expecting mothers,” he said. “I feel when Indian women are paying copious amount of money to buy handbags, etc, they should be willing to pay a premium for lingerie too, something so personal,” said the person who did not want to be identified given the confidentiality nature of his negotiations with the British lingerie brand.ĭLF Brands too is in talks with an international brand and its CEO Deepak Agarwal said an announcement will be made in 2-3 months. “We are not even looking for funding right now, but still there is so much interest being shown by investors,” Behal said.Īnother Mumbai-based entrepreneur said he has already held a few rounds of talks with Agent Provocateur to sell its products in India, at an entry level price point of Rs10,000. The Mumbai-based start-up is confident of raising $10 million in its next round of funding, which might happen next year. “Lingerie is an indulgence like chocolates,” said Karan Behal, founder of, an online lingerie retail start-up, which raised $3 million since 2012 from Indian Angel Network, Harvard Business School Alumni Angels India and Orios Venture Partners. Women's wear accounts for 61% of the total innerwear market. Technopak has estimated the innerwear market in India (organised and unorganised) at Rs17,750 crore and expected it to grow three times in 10 years. ![]() “Increasing share of western wear in the women’s wardrobe, the trend of occasion and outfit-based innerwear and the growing awareness and desire to indulge in branded intimate apparel is expected to continue driving the growth of the lingerie subcategory,” said Amit Gugnani, senior vice president at Technopak Consultancy. Also, experts said, lingerie is seen as a reflection of social change and an agent for women empowerment. They are now able to and willing to spend money on the objects of their desire. ![]() What is powering this segment is the increasing financial independence of women in India. The buying experience too has improved in recent years with many retailers employing skilled sales staff to help buyers make the right choices, said Jaiman, 22, who hails from Jaipur. ![]()
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